Pressupostos e Procedimentos da Investigação às Margens da Filosofia e da Psicanálise: Questões Acerca de Método / Presuppositions and the Procedures of Investigation on the Margins in Psychoanalysis and Philosophy: Questions About Method

Neste este artigo focalizamos a modalidade de relação que o pesquisador engendra com o seu campo de investigação ­ o campo das experiências humanas ­ a fim de delinear um pensamento que possa funcionar como horizonte dos procedimentos metodológicos utilizados nas pesquisas stricto sensu conduzidas em nosso grupo. Trata-se de pôr em questão o par sujeito-objeto, de modo a transpassar o realismo científico e os meros construtivimos. Trazemos para nossa argumentação um panorama genealógico da noção de sujeito para chegar ao deslocamento de sua posição perante os objetos produzido por Kant (1787/1974). Em solo kantiano ­ e permitindo-nos arriscar além dele ­ parece-nos legítimo semear a ideia de que as investigações por nós conduzidas, do recorte das experiências humanas considerado, podem ter como alvo a circunscrição da potência da coisa (do material, da exterioridade, do objeto, como quer que a designemos) de afetar o pesquisador. E, com certo atrevimento, apostamos na noção de campo transferencial como referência ao que precede e acompanha a captura e o registro da potência de afetar da coisa, esta necessariamente pertencente à esfera do não-antecipável, porquanto da ordem do acontecimento. Propomos como condição e consequência de nossa posição epistemológica a construção de cenas-acontecimento como forma de apresentação dos resultados da pesquisa.

In this article, we focus on the modality of relationship that the researcher establishes with their investigation field­the field of human experience­to delineate a thought that could serve as a horizon for the methodological procedures used in the stricto sensu research conducted by the group. It brings to question the subject-object pair in the way to transcend the scientific realism and the mere constructionism. We bring forth to our argumentation a genealogical panorama of the notion of the subject to reach the displacement of its position towards the objects produced by Kant (1787/1974). On Kantian soil­and allowing ourselves to venture beyond it­it seems legitimate to sow the idea that the investigations conducted by us may have as targets the circumscription of the potency of the thing (of the material, of the exteriority, of the object, however it is that we designate it) to affect the researcher. And, with a degree of boldness, we bet on the notion of transference field as reference to what precedes and follows the capture and registry of potency to affect the thing it necessarily belongs to the sphere of the unpredictable, whilst the order of the event. We propose, as condition and consequence of our epistemological position, the construction of event-scenes as a way of presenting the results of research.

Uma leitura crítica sobre saúde-doença e suas noções / A critical reading on health-disease and its notions

Resumo Este texto põe em crítica algumas noções e elementos teóricos circulantes relativos ao conceito de saúde, tomando-os como instáveis e polissêmicos, abertos a alternativas do pensamento. Tomamos noções de saúde - em articulação com as noções de doença e cuidado - em ocorrência nos escritos atuais no campo da Saúde, especialmente da Saúde Coletiva, tendo como ensejo um movimento de leitura que contribua para ampliação dos modos de pensar sobre o tema. Elegemos cinco pontos, apresentadas como duplos, e não como dualismos, binarismos ou dilemas: generalizações e singularidades; posse e escape; medicalização e moralização; significante e significado; e limites e margens. Temos em vista percebê-los em sua potência de abertura, ampliação e proposição de mudanças, em movimentos caros ao debate acerca da saúde, no sentido de entendê-la fora de padrões rígidos estabelecidos por bases científicas unívocas. Consideramos que esse exercício pode contribuir para ampliar a noção de saúde que permeia as práticas profissionais de atenção à população.

Abstract This paper criticizes some notions and circulating theoretical elements related to the concept of health, taking them as unstable and polysemic. It is an exercise of thought experiment using notions of health - along with notions of disease and care - as they appear in Health writings, to contribute to broader way of thinking about this issue. Five points were elected, presented as doubles - not as dualisms, binarism or dilemmas - as follows: generalizations and singularities; possession and escape; medicalization and moralization; significant and meanings; and limits and margins. This study aims to perceive these notions in their possibilities of expansion and change, in a movement that is productive to the debates about health, far from rigid standards established by univocal scientific bases. We understand that this exercise can contribute to broaden the notion of health that permeates health professional attention to population.

Influence of Manufacturing Methods of Implant-Supported Crowns on External and Internal Marginal Fit: A Micro-CT Analysis.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of different manufacturing methods of single implant-supported metallic crowns on the internal and external marginal fit through computed microtomography. METHODS: Forty external hexagon implants were divided into 4 groups (n = 8), according to the manufacturing method: GC, conventional casting; GI, induction casting; GP, plasma casting; and GCAD, CAD/CAM machining. The crowns were attached to the implants with insertion torque of 30 N·cm. The external (vertical and horizontal) marginal fit and internal fit were assessed through computed microtomography. Internal and external marginal fit data (µm) were submitted to a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = .05). Qualitative evaluation of the images was conducted by using micro-CT. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the groups for vertical misfit (P = 0.721). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for the internal and horizontal marginal misfit in the groups GC, GI, and GP, but it was found for the group GCAD (P ≤ 0.05). Qualitative analysis revealed that most of the samples of cast groups exhibited crowns underextension while the group GCAD showed overextension. CONCLUSIONS: The manufacturing method of the crowns influenced the accuracy of marginal fit between the prosthesis and implant. The best results were found for the crowns fabricated through CAD/CAM machining.

Processos de criação na atenção e na educação em saúde. Um exercício de "timpanização" / Creation processes in health and health education: a "tympanizing" exercise

Resumo O estudo propõe reflexões que tangenciam as práticas de atenção e educação em saúde. Essas práticas, em muitos aspectos, são permeadas por uma base dualista, que enfraquece a potência educativa e a efetividade na promoção da saúde. Aposta-se na possibilidade de que o gesto de timpanizar, proposto por Jacques Derrida, oferece uma possibilidade de aproximação metodológica com o tema, exercício que é feito a partir da leitura de textos produzidos por estudantes de Medicina no contexto de uma aula e de uma carta escrita por Antonin Artaud, considerando sua biografia e suas vivências de saúde-doença. Timpanizar inclui três procedimentos: tatear escombros, disseminar sentidos e criar cadeias de suplementos. Este método cria possibilidades de novos sentidos para conhecimentos e práticas de atenção e educação em saúde.

Abstract The study proposes reflections about care practices and health education. These practices, in many respects, are permeated by a dualistic base, which weakens the educational power and effectiveness in health promotion. There is the hypothesis that the tympanizing gesture proposed by Jacques Derrida, offers a possibility of a methodological approach to the subject, exercise that is done through an Antonin Artaud's letter, considering his biography and his health and illness experiences. Tympanizing includes three procedures: groping the wreckage; disseminating meanings and invention of supplements chains. This method can open different meanings for knowledge and practices of attention and health education.

Minor and major health: a Nietzschean reading. / Pequenas e grandes saúdes: uma leitura nietzschiana.

This paper aims to discuss the concept of health, understood as multiple and plural. We use Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical thought as an analytical tool, allowing us to reach a typology involving minor and major health. While the first is normative and sustained by an ideal of healing, the second is an expanding strength, a condition constantly achieved. If minor health follows a preset life moralization script, major health relates to the expanded living being, which affirms its creative nature and transcends established rules. The notion of major health embraces the overcoming of imperative models rooted in biomedicine-based practices and approaches to health collective actions. Nevertheless, on the one hand, if this movement extends the co-participatory nature between staff and users of the health system, on the other hand, it lacks more radical actions to break with the moral nature of health-disease processes. Not refusing life's own vicissitudes, major health understands the need to incorporate pain and suffering involved in individuation movements.

Pequenas e grandes saúdes: uma leitura nietzschiana / Minor and major health: a Nietzschean reading

Resumo Este artigo objetiva problematizar o conceito de saúde, entendendo-o como múltiplo, plural. Para isso, adota o pensamento filosófico de Friedrich Nietzsche como ferramenta analítica, permitindo-nos chegar a uma tipologia que envolve pequenas e grandes saúdes. Enquanto a primeira é normativa e sustentada por um ideal de cura, a segunda passa a ser compreendida enquanto força expansiva, como um estado a que continuamente se conquista. Se, por um lado, uma saúde apequenada obedece a um script prévio de moralização da vida, uma grande saúde diz respeito à expansão daquilo que vive, que afirma seu caráter criador e não instituído pelo rebanho. A concepção de uma grande saúde vai ao encontro da superação dos modelos imperativos que se fixam nas práticas fundadas na biomedicina, aproximando-se das ações coletivas em saúde. No entanto, se por um lado esse movimento amplia o caráter coparticipativo entre equipe e usuários do sistema de saúde, ele carece, de outro, de maior radicalidade no que tange aos rompimentos com o caráter moral dos processos de saúde-doença. Ao não permitir a recusa de altos e baixos próprios à vida, uma grande saúde compreende como necessária a incorporação da dor e do sofrimento implicados em movimentos de individuação.

Abstract This paper aims to discuss the concept of health, understood as multiple and plural. We use Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical thought as an analytical tool, allowing us to reach a typology involving minor and major health. While the first is normative and sustained by an ideal of healing, the second is an expanding strength, a condition constantly achieved. If minor health follows a preset life moralization script, major health relates to the expanded living being, which affirms its creative nature and transcends established rules. The notion of major health embraces the overcoming of imperative models rooted in biomedicine-based practices and approaches to health collective actions. Nevertheless, on the one hand, if this movement extends the co-participatory nature between staff and users of the health system, on the other hand, it lacks more radical actions to break with the moral nature of health-disease processes. Not refusing life's own vicissitudes, major health understands the need to incorporate pain and suffering involved in individuation movements.

Correlation between the individual and the combined width of the six maxillary anterior teeth.

PURPOSE: There is a consensus in the community of dental research that the selection of undersized artificial maxillary anterior teeth offers an unnatural appearance to the denture. Several methods to select the adequate width of these teeth are of questionable validity, and many dentures have an obviously artificial appearance. This article assessed the relationship between the individual and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Impressions were made of the anterior dentition of 69 dentate undergraduate students with rubber impression silicon, and casts were formed. The individual widths of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured by using a digital caliper (SC-6 digital caliper, Mitutoyo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and the combined width was registered by both adding the individual width and using a flexible millimeter ruler. RESULTS: Student's t-test showed significant differences between the analogous teeth and different sides of the maxillary dental arch (p = 0.001), with the exception of the central incisor (p = 0.984). Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient showed significant positive correlation between all the measurements compared (p = 0.000). Linear regression analysis concluded three mathematical equations to obtain the individual tooth width after measuring the combined width of the six maxillary anterior teeth by using a flexible millimeter ruler. CONCLUSIONS: The individual tooth width can be determined if the combined width of the maxillary anterior teeth is obtained by using a flexible millimeter ruler.